Operationalizing the open city concept: A case study of Berlin

Framed by a utopian rhetoric, the Open City emerges as potential guiding principle to contradictory tendencies and calamities of cities. As an elusive concept with panoply context-bound interpretations, is open-ended project that manifests through different situations across city. The article aims explore attributes City, in context Berlin, based on thorough literature review operationalizes using systematized approach. Results revealed openness Berlin followed center-periphery pattern, where areas fostered high degree were mostly found inner-city neighborhoods while lower prevailed along edges. By analyzing conditions relation built environment, we sought contribute toward better understanding provide approach for can be adapted geographic contexts.